Why Paranormal Beliefs Surge After Tragedies: From the Civil War to COVID-19

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Throughout history, national tragedies and major disasters have had a profound impact on beliefs, especially around the paranormal and the afterlife. In the wake of crises like the Civil War, World Wars, 9/11, and the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a consistent and notable rise in public interest in paranormal beliefs, often manifesting in increased use of psychic mediums, séances, and tools like the Ouija board. This trend is not coincidental; it reflects a deeply human need to seek comfort, meaning, and connection amid overwhelming loss and uncertainty.

The Civil War: Laying the Groundwork for Spiritualism

The Civil War (1861-1865) is often considered the starting point for the formalization of paranormal beliefs and practices in the United States. The massive loss of life, often on unfamiliar battlefields far from home, left families unable to bury or even say proper goodbyes to their loved ones. This left a deep psychological scar and a yearning to connect with the spirits of the deceased. The Spiritualism movement, which had begun over a decade before, gained significant momentum during this time. People found solace in the notion that the spirits of their loved ones could be reached and that the afterlife was not a complete separation. This period saw a surge in the popularity of mediums, séances, and eventually talking boards (which would become commercialized and better known as the Ouija board), which provided a way for families to feel close to their lost loved ones.

Vintage ad for a fortune teller. Source unknown.

World War I and World War II: Heightening Spiritual Curiosity

Following the Civil War, World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945) ushered in new waves of death, displacement, and loss. Particularly in England and the United States, mourning practices took on a more mystical quality, with Spiritualism once again becoming an outlet for grief and closure. Mediums were in high demand, offering to connect bereaved families with soldiers who had died overseas. Harry Houdini, himself a skeptic, became both a critic of Spiritualism and an investigator, seeking out those who offered services to grieving families. The Ouija board, patented in 1891, saw renewed interest during this period as well, as families sought to commune with those lost in the wars.

During World War II, the anxiety and devastation were so widespread that they intensified public engagement with the supernatural. Figures like Helen Duncan, a medium who famously claimed to summon the dead, became icons, and spirit communication thrived. The combination of economic hardship, personal loss, and existential fear brought about a longing to connect with the other side, keeping the idea of a paranormal connection firmly rooted in the public imagination.

9/11 and the Need for Connection

The September 11 attacks in 2001 were a modern-day tragedy that echoed the same human reaction: after the initial shock and grief, people began searching for meaning and connection. Interest in paranormal phenomena, from ghost sightings to spirit communication, surged after 9/11. This disaster differed from past wars in that it wasn’t fought on distant soil but struck directly in the United States, amplifying the trauma and loss experienced by Americans. Psychic mediums gained popularity as people searched for closure and answers, hoping that departed loved ones might still be reachable in some way. Television networks and popular culture also began producing more shows about hauntings and ghost-hunting, as Americans became increasingly curious about the afterlife.

One of many vintage ads cleverly using the Ouija board to boost product appeal. This ad was for Ipana Toothpaste. Credit: Salem Witch Board Museum

COVID-19 Pandemic: A Renewed Surge in Paranormal Curiosity

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about yet another wave of interest in the paranormal. With the global death toll rising into the millions and people facing isolation, fear, and mourning on a mass scale, people began turning to spiritual practices and paranormal tools to find solace. Social media played a significant role, allowing people to share their experiences and interact with paranormal practitioners, further boosting interest in psychics, mediums, and divination tools.

Pandemic-related grief has also revived curiosity in the Ouija board. As people were forced to stay home and avoid public gatherings, some found a sense of community in virtual séances or with “DIY” paranormal exploration at home. Although technology provided many ways to connect with others during the lockdowns, there was also a noticeable uptick in interest in spirit communication methods, as the pandemic sparked reflection on mortality and the unknown. From this, a robust appetite for paranormal content on various social media outlets like TikTok and YouTube manifested.

The Ouija Board and Psychic Mediums: A Historical Lifeline for the Grieving

The Ouija board, first patented in 1890, has become one of the most iconic symbols of the paranormal. Originally marketed as a parlor game, it quickly became a tool for spirit communication during times of tragedy. Whenever society faced widespread death, people turned to the board in hopes of speaking to those who had passed on. This surge happened during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, again during the World Wars, and has continued into recent times. Psychic mediums, similarly, have served as lifelines for those desperate for communication. In each major disaster, mediums and Ouija boards provided an outlet for grief, offering comfort to people trying to come to terms with their loss.

Ad for ROZA KULESHOVA, Russian psychic, ‘sees’ with her fingers, circa 1963. Credit: Fate Magazine

The Psychology of Grief and the Paranormal

Psychologically, the human response to grief is complex, and for many, spiritual or paranormal beliefs provide a coping mechanism. Tragedy disrupts our lives, forcing us to confront mortality in ways we may not be prepared for. Many people find it comforting to believe that their loved ones are not entirely gone, that they can still be reached through spirit communication or paranormal experiences. This need for closure has led to the paranormal becoming a regular, if temporary, sanctuary in times of distress.

The Role of Media and Technology

As media has evolved, so has our connection to the paranormal. Today, movies, television, and social media heavily influence our beliefs in the supernatural. Ghost-hunting shows and paranormal podcasts have become more popular, and social media has enabled people to share their own ghost stories and encounters in real-time, adding to the cultural acceptance of paranormal experiences. After major tragedies, we often see a resurgence of paranormal-themed media, reflecting and amplifying public interest in the unknown.

Conclusion: Seeking Comfort in the Unseen

Throughout history, times of great loss have spurred the desire to connect with something beyond the physical world. From the Civil War to the COVID-19 pandemic, each tragedy has left an imprint on our beliefs about the supernatural. Psychic mediums, Ouija boards, and other forms of spirit communication serve as mechanisms to process grief, offering comfort in our darkest hours. Whether we seek closure, reassurance, or a sense of connection, these beliefs persist because they resonate with a universal human need: to feel that love and connection endure, even in the face of death.

The Legend of the Bunny Man: Urban Myth or Reality?

Alex Matsuo1 Comment

Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links. This means at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

When I first moved to Northern Virginia, the story that intrigued me most was the legend of Bunny Man Bridge. It didn’t take long to realize how this eerie tale had taken on a life of its own. As I researched for my book, Haunted Northern Virginia, it seemed like everyone I spoke to had the same advice: “Make sure you include Bunny Man Bridge!”

But who exactly is the Bunny Man? Where did this legend come from? And is Bunny Man Bridge really haunted?

The Bunny Man Legend

The original story of the Bunny Man dates back to 1904. As the legend goes, a bus transporting patients from a local asylum to Lorton Reformatory crashed. This caused all the patients on board to escape. All but two inmates, Douglas Griffin and Marcus Wallster, were found.

When authorities searched for the two men, they found the remains of rabbits strewn around the area. They also found the body of Marcus Wallster. The story claims Griffin was using the rabbits for food—and perhaps more disturbingly—for clothing. Griffin had been convicted of killing his family. Soon, the terrifying figure of a man in a bunny suit began to stalk the area around Colchester Overpass in Clifton. This earned the area its title; Bunny Man Bridge.

Also according to legend, a group of teenagers were hanging out at Bunny Man Bridge on Halloween night. When they didn’t return the next morning, a search party was sent out. The teens were found strung up under the tunnel of Bunny Man Bridge. It looked like they were mutilated with a hatchet.

Source: The World Coos Bay, Oregon • Sat, Oct 31, 1970 Page 16

How the Legend Grew

Over the years, the Bunny Man’s tale became even darker. The story transformed into one of an axe-wielding madman who skins his victims. He leaves their remains hanging from Bunny Man Bridge. Some versions claim that on Halloween night, anyone daring to visit the bridge risks being killed by the Bunny Man.

These gruesome details don’t appear in any historical records, but they continue to fuel the legend. Could belief in the Bunny Man have given life to something more? Despite these reports, no further incidents occurred, and the case was never solved. However, the Bunny Man legend was born—and it quickly snowballed into something far more sinister.

After 1970, countless stories and urban legends stemmed about Bunny Man. One could say he turned into a Grimm’s fairy tale about Northern Virginia.

Uncovering the Truth: Was the Bunny Man Real?

Despite the legend’s persistence, there’s no historical evidence to support it. Fairfax County never had an asylum, and Lorton Prison didn’t even exist in 1904, it opened in 1910. Douglas Griffin’s name doesn’t appear in any court records.

So where did this story come from? As I often say, “There’s truth in fairy tales.” In this case, the truth may lie in two incidents from the 1970s.

In October 1970, two reports emerged of a man in a bunny suit terrorizing local residents. The first incident involved a couple parked near a relative’s house on October 19th, 1970. The gentleman was an Air Force cadet named Robert Bennett. He and his fiancée saw a figure in a white suit with long bunny ears in their rearview mirror. Before the couple could go investigate, the man hurled a hatchet at their car, screaming at them for trespassing. The hatchet went through their window.

On October 29th, 1970, a security guard spotted a man in a bunny suit. This man was also wielding an axe and shouting similar threats at a construction site saying that he was tired of people trespassing.

Credit: The Washington Daily News Washington, District of Columbia Wed, Nov 11, 1970 · Page 3

Can Collective Belief Create a Paranormal Entity?

One theory I have surrounding the Bunny Man is the idea that he may be a thoughtform. This is a being created through the power of collective belief. In the 1970s, a group of parapsychologists in Toronto conducted The Philip Experiment. They attempted to manifest a spirit through their collective imagination and belief.

Could the Bunny Man be a similar phenomenon? As more people told the story and believed in his existence, is it possible that they collectively created the Bunny Man? If so, perhaps the most terrifying thing about this legend isn’t that the Bunny Man was ever real—but that he has become real through the fear and fascination of those who keep the story alive.

The Bunny Man Bridge Today

Despite the lack of historical evidence, Bunny Man Bridge continues to attract visitors every Halloween, daring to test the legend’s power. Whether you believe in ghosts, cryptids, or thoughtforms, the tale of the Bunny Man endures as a chilling reminder of how urban legends can shape our reality.

If you want to dive deeper into the haunted histories and ghostly mysteries of Northern Virginia, be sure to check out my book Haunted Northern Virginia, available now.

Sources

https://research.fairfaxcounty.gov/local-history/bunnyman

https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/northern-virginia-ghosts-spirits-witches-and-the-bunny-man/article_164fb91c-60b5-11e4-a99d-3b8c50270542.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2003/10/31/boo-its-the-bunny-man/75237ae1-2bdf-4e1a-9c91-c0f2f0ed0191

The True Story Of The Bunnyman, Northern Virginia’s Most Gruesome Urban Legend

Haunted Northern Virginia: The Stone House of the Manassas Battlefield

Alex Matsuo1 Comment

The Stone House at Manassas National Battlefield Park is a historic landmark with a haunting past. The horrors of war seem to have left the Stone House with layers of trauma, with reports of a dark, foreboding presence haunting the building to this day. Despite its reputation, the resilient structure remains a popular site for history enthusiasts and ghost hunters, bearing witness to the suffering of the past and the restless spirits that refuse to let its legacy be forgotten.

A Storied History

The history of the Stone House are a bit mysterious. Early tax records suggest that the house may have been built in 1828 by a man named John Lee. But recently discovered records suggest that the Stone House may have been built in 1848 by Thomas Otway Clarke. It initially served as a tavern and inn, catering to travelers along the Warrenton Turnpike. Over the years, the building also functioned as a private residence and a school. By 1850, the Stone House and the surrounding land was purchased by Henry P. Matthews and his wife, Jane Matilda Clarke.

The Civil War

But the Stone House’s story took a dramatic turn during the American Civil War. During the First Battle of Manassas in 1861, the house found itself directly in the line of fire, weathering barrages of bullets and cannon blasts. Confederates used the house to take cover as the battle raged towards Henry Hill over near the Henry House. Rather than crumbling, the resilient building remained standing. The Stone House was quickly converted into a makeshift hospital to tend to the flood of wounded soldiers. As the Union was retreating, Confederates used the Stone House to retain captured soldiers.

The Stone House circa 1862. Credit: Library of Congress

During the Second Battle of Manassas, the Stone House was once again in a prime area for artillery fire, but it miraculously withstood the bombardment. Just like before, the house was used to house wounded soldiers.

In addition to battle damages, two wounded soldiers of the 5th New York Infantry carved their names into the wooden floor in the upstairs bedrooms. Privates Charles E. Brehm, aged 21, and Eugene P. Geer, aged 17, left their marks. Brehm survived the war while Geer didn’t survive the year. This brings a morbid perspective on the impact of the war.

Geer’s carving into the wood floor.
Brehm’s carving, which also includes the date, August 30.

After the War

In the aftermath of the war, the building fell into disrepair. Henry Matthews and his wife were left devastated after the Civil War and all of the work they put into the house and land was for nothing. The Stone House was heavily damaged and the land was decimated from being an agricultural resource. In 1866, the Matthews sold the home to Gideon and Mary Starbuck.

The Starbucks sold the house in 1879 to a relative by the name of George E. Starbuck. He only kept the house for a few years before he sold it to Benson and Ellen Pridmore in 1881. Benson passed away in 1902. After that, the house was sold to Henry J. and Elvira Ayers, his heirs.

The Ayers made several modifications to the house as well as made minor additions. There were also commercial structures that were going up on the lot. When Henry died, he left the house to his son, George.

The Stone House and surrounding land circa 1930s. Credit: National Park Service

The Stone House was acquired by the National Park Service in 1949. After that, NPS started doing stabilization work on the house. In 1961, NPS started a full restoration of the Stone House and bringing it (and the land) back to how the house looked during the Civil War.

Today, the Stone House is a prominent feature of the Manassas National Battlefield Park, educating visitors about the pivotal role it played during the Civil War.

Paranormal Reports

The horrors of war seemed to leave their mark on the Stone House. In 1866, just a year after the conflict ended, the building was already being referred to as the “Haunted House” by locals. A curse is also tied to the Stone House. According to Mark Nesbitt, it is believed that George may have placed artillery shells in the walls where they would have struck during the Battle. It is unknown why he would have done this, but it’s believed it was to attract tourists. After doing that, six members of the Ayers family died within a short amount of time. The conclusion was that because George had placed the artillery shells within the walls, a curse was placed on the family.

Stone House Sign. Credit: Alex Matsuo

Accounts speak of a dark, foreboding presence that lingers within its walls, disturbing visitors and park rangers alike. The house is known for having cold spots as well. One gentleman reported that after passing one of those cold spots, he went to exit the house. As he was going out the door, he was hit so hard that he injured his knee. He could hear voices of men making fun of the fact that he was thrown out of the tavern.

Nesbitt also recounted another story told by fellow park rangers. A group of rangers had entered the house and locked the door behind them (very important ranger rule). After they went down into the basement, they heard footsteps above them. When the rangers went up to investigate, they found that no one was there.

The Disappearing House

Another story, retold by L.B. Taylor in his infamous books about haunted places of Virginia, includes people driving through the battlefield at night. While driving, they see ghostly lights where houses once stood. In a different story, one woman was driving through the battlefield for an appointment and was shocked to see that the Stone House was not standing. After her appointment, the woman drove the same route and was once again shocked. Why? The Stone House was now standing in its spot.

To this day, the Stone House remains a site of fascination for ghost hunters and history buffs alike. Park rangers, though hesitant to publicly validate the paranormal rumors, have their own stories of unexplained phenomena – strange footsteps, unexplained presences, and a building that seems to resist all efforts to tame its haunted past.

Stone House information marker. Credit: Alex Matsuo

The Stone House Today

The Stone House stands as a testament to the horrors of war, a silent witness to the suffering that took place within its walls. And for those brave enough to venture inside, it may also serve as a portal to the restless spirits that refuse to let its history be forgotten.

To learn more about this chilling story and other hauntings in the area, pick up a copy of my book, Haunted Northern Virginia, published by The History Press. Immerse yourself in the ghostly lore and history that still lingers in the region. Available now for purchase on Amazon. (Note: This is an affiliate link. This means I may earn a small commission if you purchase through it, at no additional cost to you.)

Sources

https://home.nps.gov/mana/learn/historyculture/the-stone-house.htm

https://scenicusa.net/112008.html

https://www.nps.gov/places/stone-house.htm

Stone House, Manassas, Virginia
Ghosts of Gettysburg Haunted Daytrips: Manassas

Haunted Northern Virginia: The Chilling Echoes of the Henry House

Alex Matsuo2 Comments

The American Civil War left an indelible mark on the landscape of Northern Virginia, with countless battlefields and historic sites forever scarred by the ravages of that bloody conflict. But among the most haunting of these places is the Henry House, originally known as Spring Hill Farm, a modest 19th-century structure that stands on land that that stood as a somber witness to the horrors of war.

The Tragedy of Judith Henry

Few tales are as harrowing and heartbreaking as the tragic demise of Judith Henry. Her story, once confined to the dusty pages of history, has taken on a far more sinister and supernatural edge in the years since. The original Henry House, was a modest 19th-century structure on what is now the Manassas Battlefield.

The Henry House after the First Battle of Bull Run

On July 21st, 1861, Judith Carter Henry, an 85-year-old widow, met her untimely and gruesome end. As the Battle of Bull Run raged around her, the bedridden Judith was unable to heed the calls to evacuate, nor did she want to leave her home. Her children attempted to take her out of the home on a mattress. But as the smoke and gunfire raged, Judith begged to be taken home.

Federal artillerary fired at the house as a strategy to drive away Confederate sharpshooters, unaware that there were civilians inside. Her daughter, Ellen, was forced to take refuge in the home’s chimney, her screams drowned out by the thunderous roar of artillery. The volume of the fire caused Ellen to temporarily lose her hearing because it was so loud. Judith’s enslaved teenager, Lucy Griffith, was seeking refuge under the bed and suffered an injury to her heel.

Caught in the crossfire, Judith was struck by cannon fire, sustaining horrific injuries that would ultimately claim her life. She was wounded in the neck and on her side. Plus, Judith’s foot was partially blown off. Judith died later that afternoon.

She was the only civilian casualty that day, and she was the first known civilian casualty of the Civil War.

The house was completely destroyed. The Henry family built a new home near the site of the original house in 1870 and an addition was included in 1884. Judith’s grave stands in front of the house. The house stayed in the Henry family until the 1920s when it was given to the Manassas Battlefield Park.

The Haunting of the Henry House

But Judith’s tragic demise was not the only darkness to haunt the Henry House. Reports include the sightings of a spectral Union soldier. His ghostly form has been seen roaming the halls of the current structure, eternally seeking retribution for the wounds that claimed his life. And then there are the sightings of the women themselves – Judith and Ellen, their ethereal forms glimpsed through the windows, their faces etched with an eternal sadness.

The reconstructed Henry House with Judith’s grave. Credit: Alex Matsuo

The most chilling of these apparitions, however, is that of a woman in a white nightgown and bonnet, gliding silently along the path surrounding the Henry House. Is this Judith, forever tethered to the home she loved so dearly? Or is it the spirit of her daughter, Ellen, forever searching for the solace that eluded her in life?

The Enduring Mystery

The answers lie shrouded in the shadows of the past. They are lost to the ravages of time and the unspeakable tragedies of war. What is certain is that the Henry House stands as a haunting testament to the cost of conflict. It is a place where the echoes of the past refuse to be silenced.

Those who dare to venture near the Henry House report an overwhelming sense of unease, a palpable chill that seems to seep into the very bones. Some have even spoken of the feeling of being watched, of unseen eyes that follow their every move. Also, in the quiet of the night, mournful wails of the departed can be heard. It is chilling reminder that the dead may not yet found their final rest.

A Haunting Legacy

If you find yourself drawn to the Henry House, tread carefully. For in its shadows, the past still lingers, a testament to the fragility of life and the enduring power of the human spirit, even in the face of the most unimaginable horrors. The ghosts of Judith and Ellen, and the nameless soldier, still walk these grounds, their stories forever etched into the fabric of this haunted place.

The ruins after the Henry House was demolished. Credit: Library of Congress

To learn more about this chilling story and other hauntings in the area, pick up a copy of my book, Haunted Northern Virginia, published by The History Press. Immerse yourself in the ghostly lore and history that still lingers in the region. Available now for purchase on Amazon. (Note: This is an affiliate link. This means I may earn a small commission if you purchase through it, at no additional cost to you.)

Sources

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-civil-wars-first-civilian-casualty-was-an-elderly-widow-from-virginia-180980434

https://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2008/06/judith-carter-henry.html

https://www.nps.gov/places/000/henry-house.htm

History of Judith Henry and Her House

Haunted Northern Virginia: The Tragic Haunting of Eva Roy

Alex Matsuo2 Comments

Many drive down Lee Chapel Road in Burke, Virginia, unaware of the tragic event that took place over a century ago. The echoes of a young girl named Eva Roy, who lost her life in a brutal way, still haunt the area. Her ghost, pleading for help, has been sighted by many who have heard her say, “Help me please” and “I am Eva” before she vanishes into the woods. This case is not only one of Northern Virginia’s most disturbing cold cases but also one of its most well-known ghost stories, filled with a painful legacy of injustice.

A Life Stolen

Possible photo of Eva Roy

In the final months of World War I, 14-year-old Eva Roy lived with her father, Peter, along with her sister and brother-in-law, in a small farmhouse in Burke’s Station, Fairfax County, Virginia. The community was small and rural, dependent on farming for its livelihood. Eva, a beloved figure in the town, was known for her kindness and beauty. She even taught Sunday school at Lee Chapel Church, where her father would occasionally preach.

On August 6, 1918, Peter went into town for business, leaving Eva to gather the cows. When he returned, he realized Eva hadn’t come back, prompting a search party. Tragically, the next morning, her body was found near an empty house, known as the Hanse House. She had been violated, murdered, and tied to a tree, her body covered in scratches and cuts.

A Botched Investigation

Before a proper investigation could take place, well-meaning neighbors moved Eva’s body, destroyed her clothing, and washed her, resulting in the loss of crucial evidence. With the investigation already compromised, multiple suspects were brought forward, including neighbors, an escaped convict, and even soldiers, but no one was ever definitively proven guilty. The case was marred by false confessions, planted evidence, and questionable tactics by the police, leaving the crime unsolved.

A Ghost That Won’t Rest

The tragic story of Eva Roy left a deep scar on the small community of Burke, Virginia. But as the years passed and the mystery of her death remained unsolved, the story took on a supernatural element. Local legends say that Eva’s spirit has never left the woods where her life was so brutally taken. The trauma of her story seems to have bound her to the land, where she still roams in search of peace—and perhaps justice.

Lee Chapel Cemetery. Credit: Alex Matsuo

A Cry for Help in the Darkness

One of the most commonly reported encounters with Eva’s ghost is hearing her voice in the woods near Lee Chapel Cemetery. Witnesses describe a heart-wrenching cry, as if from a young girl, pleading for help. Some say they’ve heard her say, “Help me please,” while others have distinctly heard the chilling words, “I am Eva.” These phantom cries often lead curious ghost hunters and locals alike deeper into the dense, shadowy forest, but as they approach, the voice fades away, leaving an eerie silence behind.

The Vanishing Figure

Many who have traveled down Lee Chapel Road at night report seeing the fleeting figure of a girl in a long white or blue gown, standing by the edge of the road or within the tree line. Drivers have said she appears suddenly, causing them to slow down, only for her to disappear before their eyes. Some describe her as having long, dark hair, her eyes filled with sadness. She is often seen looking toward the old Hanse House or wandering toward the cemetery, as if searching for something—or someone.

In other instances, drivers claim they’ve seen her running into the road, her figure illuminated briefly by their headlights before vanishing into thin air. This has caused more than a few near-accidents, with drivers slamming on their brakes, only to find there’s no one there.

Eva Roy’s grave at Lee Chapel Cemetery. Credit: Alex Matsuo

Halloween and Birthday Visits

An annual tradition today has people gathering at Eva’s grave on the night of Halloween as well as her birthday. This is all in hopes of getting a glimpse of her ghost. Visitors to the cemetery and the surrounding woods often report sudden drops in temperature, even on the hottest summer nights. Cold spots seem to envelop certain areas, giving those who enter them an overwhelming sense of dread or sadness. Some have even reported feeling a cold breeze blow past them, despite no wind in the area. This is often followed by a feeling of being watched.

The area has also become known for strange, glowing lights. These orbs of light—usually described as bluish or white—float through the woods, flickering in and out of sight. While skeptics may brush them off as reflections from passing cars, those who believe in the paranormal say these lights are tied to Eva’s restless spirit.

The Legacy of Eva’s Spirit

The ghost of Eva Roy has become one of the most famous spirits in Northern Virginia, and her haunting is deeply tied to the injustice she suffered in life. Many believe that her spirit remains because her killer was never brought to justice, leaving her in a state of unrest. Others think that she is searching for her father or for peace, forever trapped in the place where her life ended so violently.

While some encounters are brief, leaving witnesses startled but unharmed, others have reported a profound sense of grief and sorrow after encountering her spirit. Paranormal investigators who have explored the area claim to have recorded EVP (Electronic Voice Phenomena) of a young girl’s voice, matching the description of those who have heard her in the woods. These recordings often include cries for help, along with faint whispers that are difficult to decipher.

For ghost hunters, thrill-seekers, and locals alike, Eva Roy’s story serves as a tragic reminder of a life cut short, with her restless spirit forever wandering the woods in search of the justice that never came.

To learn more about this chilling story and other hauntings in the area, pick up a copy of my book, Haunted Northern Virginia, published by The History Press. Immerse yourself in the ghostly lore and history that still lingers in the region. Available now for purchase on Amazon. (Note: This is an affiliate link. This means I may earn a small commission if you purchase through it, at no additional cost to you.)

Why You Shouldn’t Use Generative AI In Spirit Communication

Alex Matsuo5 Comments

Generative AI and AI has truly changed the world. But how useful is it in the paranormal? Is using generative AI in spirit communication even possible? Let’s take a deep dive and find out.

In my day job, I work as a learning experience designer and I work for one of the leading cloud computing companies. This means I have extensive familiarity with the various AI platforms, companies, and tools in the market. My experience gives me unique insight into how generative AI operates, as well as its benefits and limitations.

My technical knowledge, combined with my experience in the paranormal field, informs my perspective on why these tools should be approached with caution when applied beyond data review and investigation. While these AI systems can offer amazing capabilities for processing and analyzing large amounts of data, using them in contexts like spirit communication raises important concerns.

How AI Functions

When it comes to using generative AI for spirit communication, several issues arise, particularly because of how AI functions. One of the primary issues is that AI models are trained on vast datasets of human-created content, meaning they inherently reflect biases.

Since we have yet to establish a baseline definition of what a spirit is, how it communicates, or what constitutes a genuine spirit voice, it becomes nearly impossible to train AI to accurately identify or interact with spirits. AI needs something tangible to create an accurate output, and without a concrete framework, it’s left to generate responses based on human patterns and expectations, which may not reflect paranormal reality. This can skew results and lead investigators to believe they are receiving meaningful responses when, in fact, they are not.

This makes it likely that an AI will misunderstand or misrepresent spiritual communication, as it is designed to generate plausible human-like responses based on existing data rather than interpreting actual paranormal phenomena. Because of this, responses generated by AI are influenced by language patterns and expectations set by human interaction, which can skew results and lead investigators to believe they are receiving meaningful responses when, in fact, they are not.

The Problem of AI Outputs

Another significant issue is the ambiguity and interpretability of AI outputs. Generative AI lacks the ability to discern between authentic spiritual communication and random noise, human input, or algorithmic content. It may produce text that sounds coherent and convincing, but it is simply an automated response created from patterns. This opens up the potential for investigators to be misled or to attribute significance to something purely generated by the AI without any connection to the paranormal. Since AI can fabricate content, distinguishing between genuine spiritual experiences and machine-generated material becomes increasingly difficult.

Ethical Concerns

Ethical concerns also arise when using AI in spirit communication. There’s a risk that the process could trivialize or disrespect both spirits and investigators. AI-generated responses could create a false sense of communication. This may be harmful, especially to those seeking closure, comfort, or understanding through spiritual means. Relying on AI in these cases can lead to unintended consequences. This includes deep emotional harm for those who believe they are receiving messages from the other side.

Moreover, using AI for spirit communication could lead to a loss of the human element. The human element is often central to the investigation process. Paranormal investigations are subjective experiences that rely on human intuition, empathy, and personal connection. AI lacks the emotional and intuitive capacity to engage meaningfully with spirits. This means it cannot replicate the personal interactions that are often key to understanding or communicating with the paranormal.

Stolen Content

On top of these concerns, the ethical implications of AI and Generative AI extend beyond spirit communication. The technology itself raises serious issues. This is because it is built on the wholesale theft of material—writing, art, and more—in blatant violation of copyright law. The datasets used to train these AI models often include copyrighted works without permission, which not only harms creators but also degrades the credibility of the outputs. The reliance on stolen content compromises the legitimacy of any conclusions drawn from AI-generated material, effectively poisoning the well for anything that could be considered remotely credible. Additionally, the technology is environmentally problematic due to the high energy consumption required for training large AI models, contributing to carbon emissions and other environmental impacts.

Risk of Deception

Finally, AI’s ability to generate text that seems plausible increases the risk of deception. This could lead individuals to believe they are engaging with spirits when they are merely interacting with a machine. This risk of false conclusions makes using AI in spirit communication questionable and potentially damaging to the integrity of paranormal research.

How Generative AI Could Be Helpful

Generative AI could still play a valuable role in paranormal investigations, particularly when reviewing evidence after an investigation. AI can help analyze large amounts of audio, video, or photographic data more efficiently than humans. It can spot patterns or anomalies that may otherwise go unnoticed. Also, it can be trained to flag potential EVP recordings or visual distortions for further investigation. This means streamlining the review process and making it easier for investigators to focus on key findings. In this way, AI serves as a useful tool for enhancing evidence review. This allows human investigators to dig deeper into their findings with a more focused lens. However, this use case is distinct from attempting to communicate directly with spirits. As of now, the limitations and ethical concerns remain significant.

Is This the Reason Why Paranormal Drama Exists?

Alex Matsuo1 Comment

The paranormal community is a dynamic world that is both fascinating and captivating – filled with dedicated individuals seeking to unravel the mysteries of the unknown. However, this community is also one that is too often plagued by petty drama, infighting, and unproductive conflicts. This is also known as paranormal drama.

I’ve seen quite an influx in online paranormal drama in the last few years. From taking jabs at someone’s weight, joking about someone’s trauma, bringing kids into arguments, dedicated groups on Facebook to make fun of people, and false accusations for sympathy…the online community has taken a strange turn.

The Downside of Passionate, Sensitive Souls

Why does this happen? A big part of it comes down to a lack of emotional intelligence. Many in the paranormal field are highly intelligent people, but emotional intelligence (also known as EQ) – the ability to understand, manage, and reason with emotions – is often lacking.

Those drawn to the paranormal world tend to be highly intuitive, sensitive souls. Their passion for the unexplained can make them quick to take offense, leap to conclusions, and engage in unproductive feuds. Egos can get involved, with researchers and investigators vying for attention, credibility, and influence in the community.

The Real Heroes Don’t Have Time for Drama

But here’s the thing – the individuals doing the most meaningful, impactful work in the paranormal field usually don’t have the time or energy to get caught up in this kind of drama. They are too busy researching, writing, investigating cases, planning events, and pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the unknown.

The researchers, authors, and event organizers making real contributions are the ones buried under stacks of case files, pouring over historical records, experimenting with new technologies, and coordinating complex investigations. They don’t have the luxury of engaging in petty squabbles or publicly jousting with rivals.

So when conflicts do occur, it takes their attention away from the work. This also adds another layer of negative thoughts and feelings because they’re distracted on something petty instead of their book, next investigation, their videos, etc.

The Cost of Unproductive Drama

Lately, I’ve noticed that the drama tends to be perpetuated by those on the fringes of the community – individuals seeking attention, validation, or a sense of importance that they can’t achieve through their own substantive work. They fill the void with gossip, speculation, and accusations. They create vague posts so people will ask questions or blindly pledge their support. They’ll post vague screenshots that don’t actually prove or show anything. They may also even share private messages that should stay private.

But this drama comes at a cost. It distracts from the genuine, meaningful work being done. It sows division and mistrust within the community. And it turns off potential new researchers and investigators who might be interested in getting involved. It pulls brilliant people away from important work.

Another thing that pops into this writer’s mind is that how some of these people can call themselves empathetic paranormal investigators and mediums when they can barely manage interacting with the living in a productive way? Something to think about.

A Call for More Emotional Intelligence

The paranormal community would be so much stronger, so much more productive and impactful, if we all focused more on emotional intelligence.

This also includes:

  • Understanding our own triggers and biases.
  • Communicating with empathy and nuance.
  • Elevating each other’s work rather than tearing each other down.

There is so much left to discover in the world of the paranormal. So many mysteries waiting to be unraveled. But that important work can only be done effectively when we come together in a spirit of mutual respect, collaboration, and intellectual humility. The drama needs to stop – the real heroes of the paranormal field are too busy changing the world to waste time on it.

The other aspect to consider is attempting to resolve conflicts in person. Going online does add a layer of dehumanization when you only see text on a screen. The keyboard is very good at stripping away the idea that the person you’re having issues with is an actual human being. I’ve found there’s been considerable resolution by picking up the phone and calling the person. Does it always work out perfectly? Of course not. But it’s a step in the right direction.

Why Friday the 13th is the Most Fascinating Day in History

Alex Matsuo1 Comment

Friday the 13th is one of the most well-known superstitions in the world, and is often associated with bad luck and misfortune. But where does this belief come from, and why is Friday the 13th considered such an unlucky day? Let’s take a deep dive on this fascinating subject and you’ll see why Friday the 13th is such a fascinating day!

The Origins of Friday the 13th

The origins of the Friday the 13th superstition can be traced back centuries. One of the earliest mentions comes from the 14th century, when Chaucer referenced the day as being “inauspicious” in his Canterbury Tales. 

Yet, the roots of the superstition likely go back even further.

Many historians point to the story of the Last Supper and the crucifixion of Jesus as one potential source of the myth. In Christian tradition, 13 people were present at the Last Supper, with Judas being the 13th to join. Judas was the disciple who betrayed Jesus. The next day was Jesus’s crucifixion – which was a Friday.

Further evidence of the unlucky nature of the number 13 can be found in Norse mythology. In the legend of Valhalla, the trickster god Loki was the 13th guest to arrive at a dinner party. His arrival led to the death of the god Balder. This narrative may have further contributed to the negative associations with the number 13. The similarities between this legend and the Last Supper are not lost to this writer.

The Superstition Over Time

Over time, the superstition surrounding Friday the 13th took on a life of its own. In more recent centuries, many people have gone to great lengths to avoid activities or decisions made on that date. Some hotels and hospitals have even chosen to omit a 13th floor or room. Airlines frequently avoid flight numbers containing the number 13.

In Britain, Friday was once known as Hangman’s Day. This was because it was usually when people’s execution sentences would be carried out and these people would be hanged.

The only Friday that seems to not fall into this superstition was Good Friday – the day of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion. But I’m sure Jesus would have considered that day rather unlucky instead of good. The Church observes this day as a day of reflection and mourning before the Resurrection is celebrated on the following Sunday. Sailors, who are notoriously known for being superstitious, would sometimes begin a long voyage on Good Friday because of its religious connections.

In the modern day, this day continues to be a source of unease for many. Some people refuse to travel, make important decisions, or even leave their homes on that date. The fear has even manifested in the popular culture, with the Friday the 13th horror movie franchise being one of the most well-known representations of the superstition.

On a more fun note though is that Friday the 13th is often celebrated by tattoo shops. Some will offer $13 tattoos (with a $7 tip to the artist) or discount tattoos for the day. Shops like Lady Octopus Tattoos in Arlington, Virginia will also have a food drive to benefit the community.

The Lack of Evidence & Unlucky 13

Despite the prevalence of the Friday the 13th superstition, it’s worth noting that there is no scientific evidence to suggest that the day is actually any more unlucky than any other. Many researchers have studied accidents, hospital admission, and other data on Friday the 13th and found no statistical difference from any other day.

This writer was born on the 13th, which makes for an interesting birthday when it falls on a Friday. There is also a stigma about the number 13, and there’s even a reported fear of the number called triskaidekaphobia (pronounced trihs-keye-dek-uh-FOE-bee-uh).

The Pagan Meaning

But there’s a whole other side to the the origins of the superstitions surrounding Friday the 13th. It can also be traced back to the ancient Norse goddess Freya. Freya was a powerful deity associated with love, beauty, fertility, war, and death.

In Norse mythology, Freya was believed to preside over the “Frejya’s Day” or “Freya’s Day”, which was the precursor to the modern Friday. The number 13 also held sacred significance for Freya, as it was connected to the lunar cycles and the divine feminine.

The negative connotations associated with Friday the 13th emerged later, as Christian influence grew in Scandinavia, as wel know. The associations with Freya and the feminine divine were deemed “pagan” and “unholy.”

However, some modern pagan and Wiccan traditions have sought to reclaim the significance of Friday the 13th as a celebration of the sacred feminine, honoring Freya’s legacy. They view the day as a time to embrace the more mystical, intuitive, and powerful aspects of the divine feminine, in contrast to the superstitious fears that have accumulated over time.

So while the mainstream culture may still see Friday the 13th as an ominous date, those who follow Freya-based spiritual paths often view it as a day to honor the goddess and the sacred feminine principles she represents.

In Conclusion

Ultimately, the power of Friday the 13th lies in the collective imagination and cultural history that has built up around it over centuries. Whether you choose to avoid major decisions or carry on as usual, the enduring legacy of this superstitious day serves as a fascinating glimpse into the roots of human beliefs and superstitions.

Sources

The Problem of Absolute Certainty in the Paranormal

Alex Matsuo2 Comments

In the world of paranormal investigation, enthusiasts and professionals are drawn by the mystique of the unknown. Exploring haunted locations, analyzing mysterious penomena, and attempting to uncover evidence of the supernatural can be both exciting and intellectually stimulating. However, amidst the excitement, there lies a significant pitfall: the temptation to embrace absolutes in our analysis.

What’s the Problem?

Absolutes, like declaring with unwavering certainty that a location is haunted or that a particular phenomenon is undeniably paranormal, can lead investigators down a problematic path. While confidence in one’s findings is crucial, it’s essential to recognize the limitations of our understanding and the complexities inherent in the paranormal realm. The opposite is also an issue, especially when a plausible logical explanation has surfaced, and the debunked fixates on the one explainable possibility instead of exploring other ways to debunk.

One of the primary issues with embracing absolutes in paranormal investigation is the lack of concrete scientific evidence. Unlike traditional scientific disciplines where hypotheses can be rigorously tested and validated through controlled experiments, the paranormal often defies such methodologies. Phenomena are frequently subjective, fleeting, and difficult to replicate under controlled conditions, making it challenging to establish definitive conclusions. The ability to recreate paranormal experiences continues to be the tough nut to crack, so to speak.

Seeking Alternatives

Plus, human perception and psychology play significant roles in shaping our experiences of the paranormal. Our brains are wired to seek patterns and meaning in the world around us, often leading to the misinterpretation of natural phenomena as supernatural. Optical illusions, auditory hallucinations, and environmental factors can all contribute to false perceptions of paranormal activity, further complicating the investigative process. Many in the ghost hunting field are still unfamiliar with the various forms of pareidolia, especially visual, auditory, and tactile.

In the quest for certainty, investigators may also fall victim to confirmation bias—the tendency to interpret evidence in a way that confirms preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This bias can lead to the cherry-picking of data and the dismissal of alternative explanations, ultimately hindering the objective evaluation of paranormal claims.

Furthermore, the paranormal field is rife with pseudoscience, misinformation, and outright fraud. Without rigorous skepticism and critical thinking, investigators risk being misled by unscrupulous individuals peddling sensationalized stories or dubious evidence. Embracing absolutes without robust evidence only serves to undermine the credibility of paranormal research as a whole.

How to Avoid the Absolute Certainty

So, what can investigators do to navigate these pitfalls?

First and foremost, humility is key. Recognize that the paranormal is inherently uncertain and that definitive answers may remain elusive. Approach investigations with an open mind, acknowledging the possibility of natural explanations for purported phenomena.

Secondly, employ a skeptical mindset. This doesn’t mean you have to become a skeptic. Instead, think like a skeptic. Question assumptions, scrutinize evidence rigorously, and remain vigilant against confirmation bias. Consider alternative explanations for observed phenomena and seek out corroborating evidence from multiple sources.

Thirdly, embrace collaboration and peer review. Engage with fellow investigators, share findings openly, and subject your conclusions to scrutiny from others in the field. Constructive criticism and diverse perspectives can help refine your methodology and enhance the credibility of your research.

Closing Thoughts

In conclusion, while the temptation to embrace absolutes in paranormal investigation may be strong, it’s essential to exercise caution and humility in our pursuit of the unknown. By acknowledging the inherent uncertainties, embracing skepticism, and fostering collaboration, we can elevate the standards of paranormal research and approach the mysteries of the unseen with integrity and perhaps, credibility.

Do You See Ghosts? You Might Be Losing Your Eyesight

Alex Matsuo2 Comments

It’s the middle of the night, and you’re lying in bed, stressing out about the next workday with looming deadlines and an overbearing boss. As you attempt to sleep, you open your eyes in the darkness of your bedroom, and that’s when you see it.

You observe a disfigured shape in the corner, staring back at you. But that’s not all; the shape resembles a woman dressed in Victorian clothing, and her face is disfigured. The sight of this entity frightens you, and you move back as fast as you can. As you do so, the disturbing figure glides towards you and just stares at you.

Two possibilities might explain what’s happening. One, you’re being haunted by the Victorian woman.

Two, you might be in the early stages of losing your eyesight.

What is Charles Bonnet Syndrome?

The scenario described above is one of the common scenarios experienced by people who suffer from Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). It is a condition that is associated with visual hallucinations that occur during sight loss. What stands out the most with this condition is that the people who suffer from these hallucinations are mentally sound. CBS has also been called “phantom vision” or “ghost vision” as experiences have been recorded throughout time.

The Syndrome was first studied in 1760 by Swiss scientist Charles Bonnet (BON-ay). He began to study this occurrence when his grandfather started experiencing visual hallucinations after he developed cataracts. The hallucinations included visions of people, carriages, birds, and buildings, which could only be seen by his grandfather. These visions were spontaneous and were seen in what was left of his eyesight.

Bonnet also noticed that his grandfather was mentally sound and was not experiencing any symptoms associated with mental illnesses.

Some people have reported seeing disembodied gargoyle heads with Charles Bonnet Syndrome.

Types of Hallucinations

Hallucinations will vary depending on the person, their medical condition, and their stress levels. Some people may experience flashes of light while others may experience color changes. Others may experience all different types of hallucinations, including the frightening images of ghosts. Some people have seen figures dressed in period clothing and moving as if they were gliding across the floor. Missing body parts like hands, arms, or even faces are common occurrences. These visions will also be in great detail, even for people with vision that is blurry.

Those with CBS have also seen incredible images like a double-decker bus going through their living room, or people sitting on their couch, kitchen table, bed, etc. They have also seen surfaces covered in patterns like tiles or bricks, even bottles, hats, or dancing children, and the visions can last from several seconds to several hours. What is consistent is that these visions appear and vanish abruptly. One of the most frightening hallucinations include floating, disembodied faces that squirm during random times. These faces have wide eyes that don’t blink, plus prominent teeth and features like a gargoyle.

Experts in CBS believe that increased stress levels can contribute to the manifestation of more negative images. The condition also seems to be more common among people who live alone with limited social interaction.

Why Does This Happen?

One of the most common causes of CBS is macular degeneration, which is a disease that causes certain light-sending cells in the retina to malfunction and cause a blindspot in the center of a person’s vision. Glaucoma and cataracts are also commonly associated with CBS.

As the eyes lose their ability to see, the brain will attempt to “fill in the blanks” for the missing information. It is the brain compensating for what the eyes could no longer see and is trying to help the person navigate through their surroundings. CBS has been compared to phantom limb syndrome after an amputation has taken place.

How Common is Charles Bonnet Syndrome?

A study conducted by Dr. M.L. Jackson of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Dr. Joseph Ferencz of the Harvard Department of Ophthalmology and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, found that Charles Bonnet Syndrome affects approximately 10% to 38% of people with visual impairments.

One of the main reasons for the vast range is because not everyone who suffers from CBS reports it to their doctor. Other factors include differences in definitions as well as historical record-keeping of the condition and the symptom-specific context that’s taken into consideration.

Does Charles Bonnet Syndrome Explain All Paranormal Phenomena?

After learning about this condition, it may be easy to assume that Charles Bonnet Syndrome explains all paranormal phenomena. That’s not the case. The condition has been studied by scientists and skeptics alike and as people have learned more about CBS, it’s very symptom specific depending on the type of person. 

For example, CBS wouldn’t explain why people would encounter the same type of phenomenon at a haunted location. Also, CBS wouldn’t explain other experiences like sight, smell, or touch. But just because CBS doesn’t explain all paranormal experiences, it doesn’t mean it should be disregarded or forgotten. It is definitely something to look into and discuss with your doctor if you believe.

The Importance of Sharing Experiences

Patients are often unwilling to share their experiences with their doctor, let alone with others, because they fear they will be judged as mentally incompetent. Therefore, they don’t say anything and end up suffering in silence. Sharing experiences is incredibly important for the person going through this because it will help them get the support they need. Not only that, but it will also help doctors and other members of the scientific community gather information and data on the condition. As we know research and data collection is critical to learn more about the issue as well as move forward towards preventative treatment and a possible cure.

When people with CBS see hallucinations, they often suffer in silence/

Closing Thoughts

Robert Lanza said in his book, Biocentrism, that the world only exists because we are looking at it. What we see is a reality that is created in our heads, our consciousness. If humans weren’t there to observe the world, it would be nothing.

As people with CBS navigate through their lives seeing visions of people, objects, animals, etc, that is their reality as they know it. It only exists because they see it.

Could we say the same thing for ghosts?

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